In June, after believing that the virus had been out of my system for two months, I suddenly started to smell very strange and unpleasant smells. Hummel T., Whitcroft K.L., Andrews P., et al. Doctors have warned that a loss of taste or smell could be a sign of coronavirus. Eliezer M., Hamel A.-L., Houdart E., et al. More and more patients are being cured due to the development of clinical guidelines for COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. Rashes and skin changes have been frequently reported since the pandemic's early days, and those can extend to the tongue. Some benefit has been reported with the use of systemic and local glucocorticoids [59] and with olfactory training [60]. What scientists dont entirely know, however, is where SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva comes from. Emerging studies suggest that although they are not primary targets for infection, the salivary glands and throat are important sites of virus transmission and replication in the early stages of COVID-19. Therefore, it may only offer . "Seeing the presence of the virus within the salivary glands, I think that's the novelty," said Dr. Alessandro Villa, an assistant professor and chief of the Sol Silverman Oral Medicine Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the study. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Patients of both groups will be tested once for Covid-19 7 days after the last treatment. The . Few papers have explored this topic in COVID-19; a recent preprint suggested that long-term lasting alterations in chemicals senses after SARS-CoV-2 infection could have a considerable impact on daily living [58]. Disinfection & testing: Healthy swimming. MACKINAW Everyone by now knows that COVID-19 can cause a loss of taste and smell, but fewer know that it can also make things smell and taste really, really bad. Munster V.J., Feldmann F., Williamson B.N., et al. Regular cleaning removes most virus particles on surfaces. Treatment of postviral olfactory loss with glucocorticoids, Ginkgo biloba, and mometasone nasal spray. Recovery from coronavirus can literally stink for many people who lose their sense of smell and taste. SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is sensitive to high temperatures. Mackinaw resident Shelly Shore . Specifically, they created an atlas of different cells in the mouth, which essentially serves as a map of which cells contain what RNA, and where. This would need to be confirmed in more COVID-19 patients. Another way COVID-19 could impact the oral cavities, and most particularly, the tongue is by altering the colour and texture of the tongue. WCCO's Marielle Mohs shares one woman's story about dealing with . Diagnostic value of patient-reported and clinically tested olfactory dysfunction in a population screened for COVID-19. These rinses contain antiseptic chemicals, which include: Research suggests that using mouthwash may temporarily prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during dental procedures. FOIA Their study finds rinsing with Listerine and prescription mouthwashes like Chlorhexidine deactivate the virus within seconds during lab experiments. Chlorine may also be used to disinfect pool water. And while many people know that loss of taste is a coronavirus symptom, they may not realize it could first appear as a metallic taste in their mouth. Read on to find out moreand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss these Sure Signs You've Already Had COVID. Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. The atlas helped them pinpoint the cells at highest risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and then the team checked their work against saliva samples and autopsied tissue from patients. However, the possible occurrence of other mechanisms leading to chemosensory dysfunction has also been hypothesized, and contrasting data have been reported regarding the direct infection of sensory neurons by SARS-CoV-2. Further symptoms, according to the World Health Organization, include tiredness, aches . Pellegrino R., Cooper K.W., Di Pizio A., Joseph P.V., Bhutani S., Parma V. Coronaviruses and the chemical senses: past, present, and future. Most people who contract COVID-19 experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment. They are also low-concentration ingredients in some mouthwash products. The assessment of STD by objective evaluations should be encouraged in both research and clinical practice, given the substantial higher sensitivity and lower risk of bias of these methods compared to subjective evaluations. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ene.14440. A case-control study showed a higher prevalence of STD in COVID-19 patients (39 %) compared to an age- and sex-matched control cohort of patients with H1N1 influenza (12.5 %) [18]. The olfactory sensory neurons are located at the top of the nasal cavity and are surrounded by supporting cells, including sustentacular cells, microvillar cells, mucous-secreting Bowmans glands, and stem cells. Saliva from two of the volunteers led to infection of the healthy cells, raising the possibility that even people without symptoms might transmit infectious SARS-CoV-2 to others through saliva. Another study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that up to 56% of COVID-19 patients had trouble tasting at least one of the four main flavor types: salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. The main symptoms of COVID-19 typically include a fever, persistent cough and loss or change to your sense of smell or taste. Thus, investigating the presence of STD may be helpful for identifying subjects with cold-like symptoms who are likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 and could prompt the testing of patients reporting no symptoms of respiratory tract involvement [43]. To help prevent the virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that every person aged 6 months and older receive vaccinations. However, the contrasting data on the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 in olfactory neurons highlight the need for further investigations. Fatigue. However, Environmental Testing and Research Laboratories (ETR Labs) of Leominster, Massachusetts specifically notes that a metallic or bitter taste is a surefire sign that you should get your water tested for various chemicals. If the water loses its smell upon swirling, the decaying matter is probably located in the sink drain. In addition to confirming that the mouth was susceptible to infection, Warner and Byrd's study revealed two notable correlations between the oral cavity and COVID-19. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Researchers reviewed 35 cases of COVID-19, speaking with patients about their symptoms. Publically available studies do not provide large-scale, clinical evidence to conclude the efficacy of mouthwash against COVID-19. (2021). NIDCRs Blake Warner talks about salivas possible role in SARS-CoV-2 spread, the link between oral infection and taste loss, and how the work could help us better prepare for the next pandemic. But according to Warner, that may not explain how the virus gets into the saliva of people who lack those respiratory symptoms. However, some people become severely ill and require medical attention. But in many cases, COVID does produce certain telltale symptoms, such as these ones that involve the mouth. Large amounts can oxidize red blood cells, making them . Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? Doctors are increasingly seeing cases of parosmia a condition that makes normal scents . "Our study shows that the mouth is a route of infection as well as an incubator for the SARS-CoV-2virusthat causes COVID-19," Dr. Kevin Byrd, a research scholar and manager of Oral and Craniofacial Research at the American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, told Live Science in an email. Huart C., Philpott C., Konstantinidis I., et al. Neto D.B., Fornazieri M.A., Dib C., et al. Red, irritated, watery eyes. In samples collected at NIH from COVID-19 patients who had died, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in just over half of the salivary glands examined. Intriguingly, viral RNA was also detected in central nervous system areas not directly connected with olfactory structures, arguing for a possible SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism [32]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basics-covid-19.html, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1882761621000065, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/index.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-total-admin-rate-total, https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(20)31114-1/fulltext, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532338221000592?via%3Dihub, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html, https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/mouthrinse-mouthwash, https://academic.oup.com/function/article/1/1/zqaa002/5836301, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428696, https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/3/272/htm. When infected saliva is swallowed or tiny particles of it are inhaled, we think it can potentially transmit SARS-CoV-2 further into our throats, our lungs, or even our guts, said Byrd. While it's well known that the upper airways and lungs are primary sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are clues the virus can infect cells in other parts of the body, such as the digestive system, blood vessels, kidneys and, as this new study shows, the mouth. A better understanding of the mouths involvement could inform strategies to reduce viral transmission within and outside the body. On the other hand, sensorineural disorders result from injury of neuronal structures, most often olfactory sensory neurons, or olfactory bulbs. Mouthwash may kill COVID-19 in the mouth temporarily, but the virus will make more copies of itself rapidly. Some symptoms to look out for include: Blurry vision. Antibodies that react to SARS-CoV-2 have been found in blood donated before the pandemic, suggesting that certain people have some protection from the. Meinhardt J., Radke J., Dittmayer C., et al. In the May 2021 study, researchers found that people experiencing a weird smell after having COVID-19 were most likely to describe it in the following ways: sewage: 54.5 percent. These results also suggest that the mouth and its saliva may play an importantand underappreciatedrole in spreading SARS-CoV-2 throughout the body . Doctors and researchers still have much to learn about the exact symptoms caused by COVID-19, but a group of ear, nose and throat doctors now suspect two such . Evolution of altered sense of smell or taste in patients with mildly symptomatic COVID-19. Chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite are highly reactive disinfectants used to treat public water systems. Any person can contract COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die. While the study makes a convincing case that SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in the mouth, some questions remain unanswered. There's no way of knowing when a person's sense of smell will return to normal, but smell . The EPA has approved two Lysol products as effective against the virus that causes COVID-19. Dr. In this case, symptom resolution would occur after recruitment of olfactory epithelium reserve stem cells. Loss of smell in patients with COVID-19: MRI data reveal a transient edema of the olfactory clefts. Several clinical trials are also investigating whether oral rinses could help prevent or treat COVID-19 infection; UCSF researchers plan to conduct one such trial, according toClinicalTrials.gov, and Villa is working with another team to organize an additional trial of several rinses, he told Live Science. Preliminary evidence does not support a primary role for direct infection of olfactory sensory neurons and taste buds in causing STD, suggesting that the loss of function of such neuronal structures may rather be a consequence of the infection of non-neuronal cells in the olfactory epithelium, oral mucosa, and possibly the olfactory bulb. The proportion of COVID-19 subjects experiencing STD is considerable, around 41 % and 62 % according to two recent meta-analyses [36,37]. Position paper on olfactory dysfunction. Although research is promising, recent studies have limitations and are insufficient to prove that mouthwash can act as a preventive measure against COVID-19. Chlorine bleach has a shelf-life of approximately 1 year. Identifying the pattern of olfactory deficits in parkinson disease using the brief smell identification test. That said, the study only looked at a few dozen people, Villa said. Chlorine bleach and products containing bleach generally have an expiration date on the bottle. Chlorine kills germs by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules. Cooper K.W., Brann D.H., Farruggia M.C., et al. Kobayashi M., Reiter E.R., DiNardo L.J., Costanzo R.M. Receive monthly email updates about NIDCR-supported research advances by subscribing toNIDCR Science News. 1 . Eliezer M., Hautefort C., Hamel A.-L., et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. We avoid using tertiary references. The sense of taste requires the activation of gustatory receptors on the tongue, which receive innervation from cranial nerves VII, IX, and X and recognize the five taste modalitiesthat is, sweet, bitter, salty, sour, and umami. Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic - an observational cohort study. About half of COVID-19 patients experience oral symptoms, including loss of taste, dry mouth, and mouth lesions. It can have a wide range of causes that may be temporary or long-lasting. (2016). How long do SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist after infection? Only few studies have explored taste and smell disorders separately, mainly due to the olfactory-gustatory interactions underlying multisensory flavor perception. "If your water has a metallic or bitter taste . Most people are aware that a cardinal symptom of Covid-19 is loss of smell, or anosmia. 3 causes of dysgeusia. A loss of taste is a known COVID-19 symptom. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 may results from: 1) Infection and damage of supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium, leading to inflammation and alterations in local homeostasis; 2) Infection or immune-mediated damage of endothelial cells and vascular pericytes, leading to hypoperfusion and inflammation. An exceedingly dry mouth has also been reported as a COVID symptom, according to doctors; in fact, it's the most common oral-related COVID sign. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study. It may also help prevent tooth decay and bad breath, alongside brushing and flossing. using hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol when soap is unavailable, staying 6 feet away from other people in public spaces, covering their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces regularly, getting tested if they may have the virus, avoiding crowds and poorly ventilated areas. Fatigue. This article discusses COVID-19, research about mouthwash and COVID-19, and COVID-19 prevention. Scientists Find Evidence that Novel Coronavirus Infects the Mouths Cells, Internships, Fellowships, & Training Grants, Shining a Light on Coronavirus Antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. ChiesaEstomba C.M., Lechien J.R., Radulesco T., et al. Online ahead of print. The virus can transmit from the nose or mouth of a person with COVID-19 through small particles when they sneeze, cough, breathe, sing, or speak. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may remain stable for at least 7 months after infection. Based on data from our laboratories, we suspected at least some of the virus in saliva could be coming from infected tissues in the mouth itself, Warner said. However, current studies have serious limitations. "I love nice meals, going out to . Dalton P. Olfaction and anosmia in rhinosinusitis. A larger and more recent study correlated magnetic resonance findings to objective evaluation of olfaction in 20 patients with COVID-19, observing an impaired smell detection associated with olfactory cleft obstruction in 95 % of patients; interestingly, at the 1-month follow-up, the majority of patients recovered from anosmia and resolved olfactory cleft obstruction [21]. If you use breath mints, candies or gum, be sure they are sugar-free. Experts share why this happens, and if there are any health effects associated with it. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Such information could also inform interventions to combat the virus and alleviate oral symptoms of COVID-19, Warner said. If used correctly, household cleaners that contain bleach kill SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Of note, in a study that investigated chemosensory perceptions, 60 % of patients reported a selective decrease in one or more specific taste modalities, most often the gustation of salty taste [50]. (2021). Therefore, it may only offer a temporary solution at best. Future research could reveal how this mouth infection affects the course of illness in COVID-19 patients, as well as how those infected cells contribute to the spread of the coronavirus between people. At the recommended levels, chlorine and bromine will kill most germs within the pool water within a few minutes, including COVID-19. Due to NIHs all-hands-on-deck response to the pandemic, researchers at NIDCR were able to quickly pivot and apply their expertise in oral biology and medicine to answering key questions about COVID-19, said NIDCR Director Rena DSouza, DDS, MS, PhD. If mouth tissues are involved in early . Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., et al. The Listerine website emphasizes that, "Listerine Antiseptic is a daily mouthwash which has been proven to kill 99.9% of germs that cause bad breath, plaque and gingivitis.". Olfactory dysfunction is amongst the many symptoms of Long COVID. At the very . If you are concerned about COVID-19, you might consider limiting the number of people in your pool at any given time to allow for proper distancing. Losing the ability to smell or taste are two of the symptoms associated with Covid-19. That was the . Doctors say COVID survivors can experience what's called parosmia after recovering. "Again, it's a hypothesis," Villa said. Fox News Flash top headlines for November 3. When cleaning surfaces, follow the directions on the bleach bottle to make a cleaning solution using bleach. A coronavirus infection that causes a cold may also offer some, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? The potential of the virus to infect multiple areas of the body might help explain the wide-ranging symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients, including oral symptoms such as taste loss, dry mouth and blistering. Viral infection of vascular pericytes (which express ACE-2) and/or immune-mediated vascular damage in both olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb have also been hypothesized as a possible cause of olfactory impairment; indeed, a magnetic resonance microscopy study found evidence of microvascular injury in the olfactory bulbs of COVID-19 patients [27]. Experts first recognized anosmia, or the loss of smell, as a common symptom of COVID-19 in late March.But for an increasing number of survivors, that reaction is simply the precursor to another . Nat Med. Seo B.S., Lee H.J., Mo J.-H., Lee C.H., Rhee C.-S., Kim J.-W. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., et al. Getty Images. However, the study was not large enough to provide conclusive evidence and indicated a need for further research. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. The nasal cavity is also rich in ACE-2 receptors, which is an enzyme to which the virus's spike protein attaches itself and . Related articles However, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on patients after recovery is unclear. These features, which are coherent with the presence of local edema and inflammation, intriguingly disappear after the resolution of symptoms [51,52]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. (2020). Cough. In both cases, recruitment of inflammatory cells, cytokine release and generation of neurotoxic compounds may indirectly influence the neuronal signaling. Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. (iStock) Article. The process will be done twice a day for 2 days. Objective sensory testing methods reveal a higher prevalence of olfactory loss in COVID-19positive patients compared to subjective methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. This appeared to be the case. NIDCR News articlesare not copyrighted. and transmitted securely. Follow the fundamentals and help end this pandemic, no matter where you liveget vaccinated ASAP; if you live in an area with low, , don't travel, social distance, avoid large crowds, don't go indoors with people you're not sheltering with (especially in bars), practice good hand hygiene, and to protect your life and the lives of others, don't visit any of these. Chen M., Shen W., Rowan N.R., et al. If you experience a metallic taste in your mouth after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, "there's no harm in reaching out to your doctor and letting them know," Dr. Mucci-Elliott said. In salivary gland tissue from one of the people who had died, as well as from a living person with acute COVID-19, the scientists detected specific sequences of viral RNA that indicated cells were actively making new copies of the virusfurther bolstering the evidence for infection. In Spencer's case, the fact that there was no blood when the tooth fell out suggests blood flow was obstructed, which may have caused his tooth to deteriorate, Li said. If a soapy taste occurs with jaw or tooth pain, swollen or red gums, or bad breath, people should consult a dentist. If case numbers are high in the area, it may be best to wear a mask outdoors, as well. Nevertheless, the development or persistence of anosmia after resolution of respiratory symptoms [22], as well as the report of symptoms such as phantosmia and parosmia, might be consistent with a sensorineural anosmia. Reprint this article in your own publication or post to your website. It's possible that some virus originates from elsewhere, such as the nose orthe lungs, Byrd said. Bolivians desperate to avoid or cure COVID-19 are ingesting chlorine dioxide, which the senate has approved as a treatment even as the country's health ministry says people should stay away from it. By Linda Adey. Research has shown that using certain formulations of mouthwash may help destroy the protective SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope and kill the virus in the throat and mouth. When doctors studied 666 patients with Covid19 in Spain, more than a tenth of . 8600 Rockville Pike 7 . A recent, prospective diagnostic study which evaluated olfactory function in a large cohort of patients prior to COVID-19 testing confirmed these findings, reporting similar values of sensitivity and specificity [42]. Bottom line. Read on to learn more about microwaving, coronavirus, and safe food practices during the pandemic. Byrd is now an Anthony R. Volpe Research Scholar at the American Dental Association Science and Research Institute. These approaches, while enabling the evaluation of large-scale cohorts of patients, are associated with predictable bias. Overall, the risk is low when going to an outdoor swimming facility, but there are still steps you can take to promote health and safety. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. So the team examinedRNA a kind of genetic material that tells the cells' protein-making factories what to build for different cell types in the mouth. In two different studies in which objective evaluations of STD were used, the proportion of COVID-19 patients with olfactory alterations was 73 % and 98 %, which is considerably higher than what was observed in self-reported questionnaires [5,48]. Follow the directions on the bleach label. They should also continue to follow measures suggested by the CDC to help stop the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This may mean that using mouthwash could be a helpful tool for preventing the spread of the virus. Olfactory disorders have been reported in infections caused by several respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses [14,15]. "It actually increases mortality. Agyeman A.A., Chin K.L., Landersdorfer C.B., Liew D., Ofori-Asenso R. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Olfaction: anatomy, physiology, and disease. The results showed that 68% of patients had one nasal symptom, including dryness and having a "strange" nasal sensation. NIH Support: In addition to the NIDCR intramural program, support for this study came from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) grant DK034987 and the intramural programs of NIDDK, the National Cancer Institute, NIH Clinical Center, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. A new clinical olfactory function test: cross-cultural influence. Dysgeusia, or distorted taste, "is a condition in which a foul, salty, rancid, or metallic taste sensation persists in the mouth," according to the National Institute of Health. Welge-Lssen A., Wolfensberger M. Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections. The authors stated that published research supports the theory that oral rinsing helps break down viral envelopes in other viruses, including coronaviruses, and should be researched further in relation to COVID-19. Norovirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. The sense of smell results from the interactions between a volatile compound and the chemoreceptors expressed on the olfactory sensory neurons. To explore this possibility, the researchers surveyed oral tissues from healthy people to identify mouth regions susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Flavors in foods they loved before are replaced with an unbearable taste and smell. Chlorine and pH levels should be tested at least twice a day and more if the pool is being used a lot. Chlorine is the chemical found in bleach. Other reported signs of the variant include . Sims J.T., Krishnan V., Chang C.-Y., et al. There has been no indication that swimming in a pool transmits SARS-CoV-2. The ACE2 receptors targeted by the COVID-19 virus are present in the lungs and several mouth areas, including the salivary glands. While some studies found that mouthwash could create a hostile environment for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, research does not support that it can treat active infections or control the spread of the virus. Therefore, it may only offer a temporary solution at best. New loss of taste . 5. Water may taste like chlorine because many systems use chlorine to disinfect their water . The study, published online March 25, 2021 in Nature Medicine, was led by Blake M. Warner, DDS, PhD, MPH, assistant clinical investigator and chief of NIDCRs Salivary Disorders Unit, and Kevin M. Byrd, DDS, PhD, at the time an assistant professor in the Adams School of Dentistry at the University of North Carolina. Therefore, people should continue adhering to current prevention measures, such as vaccination and regular handwashing. Some people describe ammonia breath as having a metallic taste, while others have reported that it smells similar to urine. Be sure to use bleach in a well-ventilated area, and never mix bleach with other cleaning products. Pain, irritation, redness, and blisters where chlorine touched your skin. PMID: 33767405. According to the CDC, the most common symptoms of COVID-19 include: Fever or chills. Mueller C.A., Grassinger E., Naka A., Temmel A.F.P., Hummel T., Kobal G. A self-administered odor identification test procedure using the Sniffin sticks. Note: It is critical that surgical masks and N95 respirators are reserved for healthcare workers. Wang Z., Zhou J., Marshall B., Rekaya R., Ye K., Liu H.-X. (2020). Gulick says that a COVID-19 infection in the salivary gland could decrease secretion in the mouth and cause dry mouth.Having a dry mouth, in turn, could prompt other oral issues that have also been linked to COVID-19, such as teeth decay and teeth that . ) [26,28]. Median duration has been reported to be around 10 days in subjects with mild COVID-19, with a complete resolution of STD in 89 % of patients after 4 weeks from diagnosis [55]. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 range from mild, cold-like symptoms typically associated with respiratory tract infections, such as cough and fever, to severe pneumonia with respiratory failure [1,2].Frequently, patients also experience smell and taste disorders (STD) [, , , , , , ].These mainly consist of a decrease or loss of smell (hyposmia and anosmia) and taste .