Three-Week Moving Average Population-Based Rates, Figure 2.. You can also edit metadata from this page. Rates of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status. Rates of COVID-19 Cases or Deaths by Age Group and Vaccination Status Public Use Data (version date: February 22, 2023). The data from this chart come from the CDC, which collects data on the number of deaths by vaccination status from 30 health departments (including states and cities) across the country. Results: Using representative data from 192 509 hospitalizations (see Table 1 for demographic information), monthly COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates ranged from 3.5 times to 17.7 times higher in unvaccinated persons than vaccinated persons regardless of booster dose status. During the early rollout of vaccines, vaccinated people represented a small share of total deaths, but experts warned that the share would likely rise simply because vaccinated people were representing a growing share of the population. Accorsi EK, Britton A, Fleming-Dutra KE, et al. Krutika Amin Follow @KrutikaAmin on Twitter And thats not correct. Rates of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status. We focus our analysis here on adults. Booster shots arerecommendedfor most people, as theseincrease and prolongprotection against severe disease and also provide some temporary protection against infection and milder illness. A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person occurred when SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected in a respiratory specimen collected 14 days after completing the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine with FDA approval or emergency use authorization. 2023 Jan 25;20(3):2150. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032150. An official website of the United States government. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Similarly, as the share of the population with a booster rose somewhat during 2022, the share of deaths among boosted people also rose. 2023 Feb 8:2023.02.06.23285542. doi: 10.1101/2023.02.06.23285542. During April 4December 25, 2021, a total of 6,812,040 COVID-19 cases among unvaccinated persons and 2,866,517 cases among fully vaccinated persons were reported among persons aged 18 years in 25 U.S. jurisdictions; 94,640 and 22,567 COVID-19associated deaths among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated persons, respectively, were reported by December 4 (Table 1). That's a rate of 1.8% a higher rate compared to the data we have on breakthrough infections. Partially vaccinated persons were excluded; reinfections occurring after >90 days were counted as new cases, per current guidance. Hospitalizations have doubled or nearly doubled in Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, New Jersey and New York since Nov. 1. Ongoing analyses will help monitor the impact of the Omicron variant and other emerging variants on VE against COVID-19 cases and associated deaths; rates by vaccination status will be updated monthly on CDCs COVID Data Tracker website (3). On the show, Kheriaty, who is against COVID-19 vaccine mandates and was recently fired from the University of California, Irvine for refusing to get vaccinated, questioned the effectiveness of vaccines that have proved to be effective in trials and in the real world. This finding actually underscores the importance of staying up-to-date on boosters. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Other lineages in the analysis period before the Delta transition included Alpha (>50%), Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Mu, and other lineages. CDC. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. During 2021, averaged weekly, age-standardized case IRRs among unvaccinated persons compared with fully vaccinated persons decreased from 13.9 pre-Delta to 8.7 as Delta emerged, and to 5.1 during the period of Delta predominance. Summary. Suggested citation for this article: Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. Email sent to FactCheck.org. For example, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, which was the first COVID-19 vaccine to receive full approval from the Food and Drug Administration, showed a final efficacyof 91% against symptomatic illness in its phase 3 trial, meaning that under the conditions of the trial the vaccine reduced the risk of getting sick by 91%. Epub December 20, 2021. When the Omicron variant emerged during December 2021, case IRRs decreased to 4.9 for fully vaccinated persons with booster doses and 2.8 for those without booster doses, relative to OctoberNovember 2021. Phil Murphy said from August 23-29 a total of 12,051 people tested positive for the virus in the Garden State, and 2,603 of them were fully vaccinated. * These authors contributed equally to this report. Still, hospitalizations are up 90 percent since July 4, and more than 300 people are now hospitalized in New York City with Covid-19. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. * Events per 100,000 population. New Jersey officials called for federal reinforcements to make up for depletion in hospital staff as the virus continues to infect more of them. It would be a misrepresentation of the finding to say it is evidence against vaccination. According to CDC, people ages 12 and older who have had a bivalent booster shot have a 15 times lower risk of death than an unvaccinated person. Indeed, vaccinated people now make up the majority of the population 79% of adults have completed at least the primary series and the latest CDC data show that vaccinated people also now represent the majority of COVID-19 deaths. Proportion of Adults in the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) Catchment Area and, Figure 2.. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalization, defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result within 14 days before or during hospitalization. But the VE against infection fell from 91.7% to 79.8%. Published online May 3, 2022. First, booster doses could not be distinguished from additional primary doses administered to immunocompromised persons, which could result in reduced IRRs because of lower VE in this population. Arthur Presnetsov, Adam Schiller, Vaccine Task Force, CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team. A, A spokesperson for the CDC, Kristen Nordlund, told the. This analysis represents the combined impact of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and Ad.26.COV2.S (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) COVID-19 vaccines, which had different clinical efficacies against confirmed infection. Since the vaccine rollout began last December, less than one third of 1% of fully vaccinated Garden State residents have tested positive for COVID, and of the more than 5 million people fully vaccinated by the end of August, a total of 386 have been hospitalized. Phil Murphy. The agency has not communicated any intention to discontinue these publications. Paz-Bailey G, Sternberg M, Kugeler K, et al. COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults 18 years - COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 - July 24, 2021. medRxiv.org. The goal of the project is to increase exposure to accurate information about COVID-19 and vaccines, while decreasing the impact of misinformation. A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person with a booster dose occurred when a person had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen collected 14 days after receipt of at least one additional or booster dose of any COVID-19 vaccine on or after August 13, 2021. The C.D.C. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Headquarters: 185 Berry St., Suite 2000, San Francisco, CA 94107 | Phone 650-854-9400 Data from Johns Hopkins University shows: - The . But a viral tweet claimed the CDC is no longer releasing the information. For . Per national guidance, this should include persons whose death certificate lists COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 as an underlying cause of death or as a significant condition contributing to death. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Against omicron, however, the vaccines havent. Each CI represents the remaining variation in observed weekly incidence rates and resulting incidence rate ratios. Vaccinations for COVID-19 began being administered in the U.S. on Dec. 14, 2020. For instance, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studyfound that during the omicron wave, adults who had received two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna vaccines had a 79% lower risk of dying or needing a ventilator if hospitalized with COVID-19, compared with unvaccinated adults. COVID-19 is on track to be the third leading cause of death in 2022, for the third year in a row, and this year, about half of those deaths over the course of the year were among people who had at least their primary series. Drs Reeg and Kohrman reported grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. Scott Morefield, the author of the tweet and a weekly columnist for the conservative website Townhall, told us he wrote it after seeing Dr. Aaron Kheriaty on the March 26 episode of Fox News Unfiltered with Dan Bongino.. Accessibility MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 28;71(4):132-138. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e2. (McGraw-Hill Education, 2003). Health department officials have not said where the extra staffers will be deployed. On November 19, 2021, and November 29, 2021, CDC expanded recommendations for booster doses to include all adults aged 18 years (https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1119-booster-shots.html, https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1129-booster-recommendations.html). adds wastewater data to its Covid-19 tracker. Credit: Amanda Montaez; Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opens in a new window. the flu which is particularly bad this year, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. This chart displays the 7-day trend in overall and Covid-19-specific hospitalization occupancy data to help understand changes in capacity and level of stress on hospitals, including: Beds occupied by Covid-19 patients (ICU and Inpatient), which appear in orange. Despite more breakthrough cases, unvaccinated patients still make up the majority of COVID hospitalizations, according to data from the New Jersey Hospital Association. This decline suggests a change in crude VE for infection from 93% during AprilMay, to 89% during June, 80% during JulyNovember, and to 68% during December. Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant: A Systematic Review. 2023 Jan 26;12(3):961. doi: 10.3390/jcm12030961. , a surveillance system that collects data on hospitalizations of children and adults with a confirmed infection through a network of over 250 hospitals in 14 states. Johnson & Johnson, which partly tested its vaccine in South Africa when the beta variant emerged, reported an efficacy of 66% in preventing moderate to severe COVID-19 and an efficacy of 85% in preventing severe or critical COVID-19in its clinical trial. Standardized definitions were used for COVID-19 cases in fully vaccinated or unvaccinated persons, COVID-19 cases in fully vaccinated persons with booster doses, and COVID-19associated deaths,** with specimen collection dates used as time points. Third, national variant prevalence estimates were used, but prevalence differed by jurisdiction over time. CDC COVID-19 Response Team. In the U.S., as of September 30, 2021, 56% of the population, 67% of the adults, and 83% of the . COVID-19 vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness and death, but they are not perfect, so deaths among vaccinated people will still occur. doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.22276228 The state also announced Tuesday another 79 COVID related deaths, bringing the total to 29,151 confirmed or likely COVID deaths since the pandemic started in March 2020. In the story, experts shared their frustration with the lack of available CDC data on boosters, more granular information on children hospitalized from COVID-19 and contagiousness of infected people after symptoms show up. In an email sent to FactCheck.org on March 28, Morefield said he decided to remove his tweet after admitting that the CDC does release some -though not all or enough- data on an agency, Clinical Trials Find No Increase in Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients Treated with Remdesivir, Contrary to Viral Claim, Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Vaccination Status, Rates of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels in Wastewater in the United States. During that same time . COVID Data Tracker. A COVID-19 case in a fully vaccinated person occurred when SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected in a respiratory specimen collected 14 days after completing the primary series of a COVID-19 vaccine with FDA approval or emergency use authorization. medRxiv. Isnt Publishing Large Portions of the Covid Data It Collects. The Moderna vaccineshowed similar results in its clinical trial, with afinalefficacy of93%. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 Response. To get unlimited access to the latest news about the pandemic's impact on New Jersey, please subscribe or activate your digital account today. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 77 percent of COVID-19-related deaths among individuals who had an infection date between January 1, 2021 and May 11, 2022 were in unvaccinated or not fully vaccinated people. The data for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations by vaccination status from January 2021 to Feb. 26 were posted on March 24, and then updated on March 31. There are several factors at play here, including a rising share of the population that is vaccinated, waning immune protection and low uptake of boosters, and changes in immunity among the unvaccinated. The foundation hasno controlover FactCheck.orgs editorial decisions, and the views expressed in our articles do not necessarily reflect the views of the foundation. The surge in Covid-19 cases fueled by the Delta variant and vaccine hesitancy has now led to increasing rates of hospitalizations and deaths. COVID cases rising in NJ are due to the spread of the delta variant among unvaccinated residents, said Gov. The data are used by the agency to better understand how well the vaccines are working against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. JAMA 2021. On September 24, 2021, CDC recommended a Pfizer-BioNTech booster dose for certain Pfizer-BioNTech primary series recipients, including all adults aged 65 years and persons aged 18 years in certain populations and high risk occupational and institutional settings (https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0924-booster-recommendations-.html). Data from 41 states are now available. Fericean RM, Oancea C, Reddyreddy AR, Rosca O, Bratosin F, Bloanca V, Citu C, Alambaram S, Vasamsetti NG, Dumitru C. Int J Environ Res Public Health. In particular, the story said the CDC left out data on the effectiveness of boosters in people ages 18 to 49. Question Do individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 have a shorter duration of viable SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and a lower rate of secondary transmission than in partially vaccinated or unvaccinated individuals?. 1Epidemiology Task Force, COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, CDC; 2Rhode Island Department of Health; 3Public Health Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington; 4District of Columbia Department of Health; 5Utah Department of Health; 6New Jersey Department of Health; 7Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; 8New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York; 9Arkansas Department of Health; 10Massachusetts Department of Public Health; 11Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; 12Alabama Department of Public Health; 13New Mexico Department of Health; 14New York State Department of Health; 15Georgia Department of Public Health; 16Florida Department of Health; 17Vaccine Task Force, COVID-19 Response Team, CDC; 18Louisiana Department of Health; 19Minnesota Department of Health; 20Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, CDC; 21Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services; 22Wisconsin Department of Health Services; 23Idaho Department of Health and Welfare; 24Texas Department of State Health Services; 25Tennessee Department of Health; 26Data Analytics and Visualization Task Force, CDD COVID-19 Emergency Response Team; 27Kansas Department of Health and Environment; 28Indiana Department of Health. From January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022, patients 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified from more than 250 hospitals in the population-based COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. A COVID-19associated death occurred in a person with a documented COVID-19 diagnosis who died, and whose report local health authorities reviewed (e.g., using vital records, public health investigation, or other data sources) to make that determination. Rates of COVID-19 deaths by vaccination status are reported based on when the patient was tested for COVID-19, not the date they died. The share of COVID-19 hospitalizations by vaccination status in Cosmos data is consistent with a recent CDC MMWR study of 13 jurisdictions, which similarly found fully vaccinated people were 14% of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the June-July period. -, Bajema KL, Dahl RM, Prill MM, et al. COVID-19 cases are continuing to surge in New York City and unvaccinated residents are bearing the brunt. Although the data we use in this analysis are not broken out by time since last vaccination, given the plateauing vaccination rate, it is likely that many of the vaccinated people who died of COVID-19 had the primary series or a booster many months or even over a year earlier, meaning they were less protected against severe illness than they once were. Although COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness decreased with emergence of the Delta variant and waning of vaccine-induced immunity, protection against hospitalization and death has remained high. The data also shows during that same week, 945 people were hospitalized. Would you like email updates of new search results? A spokesperson for the CDC told the New York Times a few weeks ago, the reason that they are not releasing the data anymore, that weve seen throughout the pandemic, is they have worries its not ready for prime time because it might increase vaccine hesitancy. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Data shown for individuals vaccinated with a booster for the following dates: adults 18 years and older (age adjusted), October 30, 2021, to April 30, 2022 (A), age 18 to 49 years, November 27, 2021, to April 30, 2022 (B), age 50 to 64 years, November 6, 2021, to April 30, 2022 (C), and 65 years or older, October 16 to April 30, 2022 (D). Excluded were partially vaccinated people who received at least one FDA-authorized vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series 14 days before collection of a specimen where SARS-CoV-2 RNA . For deaths, a single week (November 28December 4, 2021) of data was reported during the December 2021 period of Omicron emergence, but the proportion of Omicron variant during that first week was approximately 1%. A COVID-19 case in an unvaccinated person occurred when the person did not receive any FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine doses before the specimen collection date. Among all COVID deaths in the weeks leading up through Aug. 30, just 97 were fully vaccinated people who contracted breakthrough cases of the coronavirus. Since the vaccine rollout began last December, less than one third of 1% of fully vaccinated Garden State residents have tested positive for COVID, and of the more than 5 million people fully . That means about 78.5% of the new confirmed COVID cases were among the unvaccinated. Data for CDCs COVID Data Tracker site on Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Vaccination Status. January 12, 2022 9:21 AM EST. CDC. About three-fourths of people infected in a Massachusetts Covid-19 outbreak were fully vaccinated, according to new data published Friday by the CDC. [A]lthough rooted in the contention that the agency isnt being nearly as straightforward or transparent or comprehensive as they need to be, my tweet could be interpreted as misleading and thats the absolute last thing I want to do so Ive removed it, he wrote. Sect. -. Analysis periods for this table were designated based on robust reporting of cases among persons with booster doses from October 2021 and the threshold week when the weighted proportions of lineages from whole-genome sequencing results submitted to or performed by CDC: October 3November 27, 2021 (Delta predominance: 99%), and November 28December 25, 2021 (Omicron emergence: 1%72%). The CDC says, during that same period of time in August, unvaccinated people were 11 times . COVID hospitalization in NJ reach 8-month high. Edmund D. Fountain for The New York Times. Younger Americans Benefited Less From Booster Shots Than Older People. Of the 623 breakthrough deaths among vaccinated people in the state, 89% of them were people 65 years old and older. This activity was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.***. Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. Bevington P, Robinson DK. *** 45 C.F.R. of 10 unvaccinated people, 5 died the death rate among the unvaccinated is 50%; of 50 vaccinated people, 5 died the death rate among the vaccinated is 10%; We, therefore, see that the death rate among the vaccinated is 5 times lower than among the unvaccinated.. 28 Mar 2022. Rates of COVID-19 deaths by vaccination status are reported based on when the patient was tested for COVID-19, not the date the patient died. Subsequent studies have demonstratedthat the vaccines are effective under real-world conditions, including against the highly contagious delta variant. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr) Len TM, Dorabawila V, Nelson L, Lutterloh E, Bauer UE, Backenson B, Bassett MT, Henry H, Bregman B, Midgley CM, Myers JF, Plumb ID, Reese HE, Zhao R, Briggs-Hagen M, Hoefer D, Watt JP, Silk BJ, Jain S, Rosenberg ES. On August 13, 2021, CDC recommended an additional Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna primary series dose for persons with moderately or severely immunocompromise. An unvaccinated person had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen and has not been verified to have received COVID-19 vaccine. 2023 Jan 9;20(2):1182. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021182. The headline of a blog post, published on June 23 by DC Clothesline, reads: "Vaccinated people found to be 600% more likely to die from covid "variants" than unvaccinated people" (archive . The ICU occupancy rate per million is 135.6 for unvaccinated people and just 9.2 for those who have gotten two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. From January to April 2022, when the Omicron variant was . Findings In this cohort study of 173 health care workers, inpatients, and guardians and 45 participants in a community facility, secondary transmission of SARS-CoV . On October 21, 2021, CDC recommended a booster dose for adults aged 18 years who received the Janssen vaccine and for Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna primary series recipients, including all adults aged 65 years and persons aged 18 years in certain populations and high risk occupational and institutional settings. In Texas, 99.5% of people who died from COVID from February through July 14 weren't vaccinated, per the Texas Tribune's reporting on preliminary data from the Texas Department of State Health . Morefield, Scott. A COVID-19 case in an unvaccinated person occurred when the person did not receive any FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine doses before the specimen collection date. -, Butt AA, Talisa VB, Shaikh OS, Omer SB, Mayr FB. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Yousey-Hindes, Lynfield, Sutton, Talbot, and Meek reported grants from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during the conduct of the study. Through Monday, 81 per cent of adults 18-plus have received at least one dose, while 73.4 per cent of Ontario's adult population is fully vaccinated. Clin Infect Dis. COVID Data Tracker. Persichilli has said that the bulk of COVID patients in the state's hospitals about 70% are unvaccinated. A large majority of new hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 are occurring among unvaccinated people. Internet bloggers: "Fully vaccinated Australians in hospital for COVID-19 surpass unvaccinated" PolitiFact's ruling: Half True Here's why: Australia faces a surge of COVID-19 cases as the highly contagious omicron COVID-19 variant continues to spread across the continent. This analysis represents the combined impact of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and Ad.26.COV2.S (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) COVID-19 vaccines, which had different clinical efficacies against confirmed infection; fully vaccinated persons also include those persons who received additional primary doses and booster doses starting in mid-August. More transmission can also lead to more deaths. Dr Anderson reported grants from Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK, Janssen, MedImmune, Regeneron, PaxVax, Micron, and Merck as well as personal fees from Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK, Janssen, Medscape, Kentucky BioProcessing Inc, and WCG and ACI outside the submitted work; additionally, his institution has also received funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Monitoring incidence of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, by vaccination status13 US jurisdictions, April 4July 17, 2021. Excluded were partially vaccinated persons who had received at least one FDA-authorized or approved vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series 14 days before collection of a specimen with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected. COVID-19 vaccines have been free and broadly available to adults in all states and the District of Columbia since mid-April 2021, meaning adults in the U.S. have generally been able to be fully vaccinated for COVID-19 since late May 2021 if receiving a two-dose vaccine. All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. Leah Eisenstein reports ownership of 100 shares of Pfizer stock. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are On September 24, 2021, CDC recommended a Pfizer-BioNTech booster dose for certain Pfizer-BioNTech primary series recipients, including all adults aged 65 years and persons aged 18 years in certain populations and high risk occupational and institutional settings. So whats going on here? ** 95% CIs were calculated after detrending underlying linear changes in weekly incidence rates using piecewise linear regression. Understanding risk factors for hospitalization in vaccinated persons and the association of COVID-19 vaccines with hospitalization rates is critical for public health efforts to control COVID-19. New data this week has found fully vaccinated adults 65 or older are 94% less . Occasional breakthroughs are expected with any vaccine, but more transmissible variants spread among so many unvaccinated people in the United States has placed greater strain on highly effective . But by January 2022, as we showed in an . Nov 30, 2022. In other words, if 100% of people in the U.S. were vaccinated, vaccinated people would represent 100% of COVID-19 deaths. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This is still a tiny fraction of the 168 million people who are vaccinated in the United . COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates among vaccinated vs unvaccinated persons and factors associated with COVID-19-associated hospitalization in vaccinated persons were assessed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e2. During the most recent coronavirus update on Monday, Gov. O ver the summer of 2021, as the Delta variant swept the nation, Americans' experience with COVID-19 bifurcated. Respondent demographic characteristics by HPV vaccination vs. intent status. COVID-19 vaccination protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection, even as the Omicron variant became predominant.