yamnaya culture religion yamnaya culture religion

We see styles of artifact and burial that are intrusive (meaning unlike older practices) to the new area, in this case the Hungarian Plain and to a lesser extent the Danube Valley. Again just to clarify when I refer to seeming paganism thinking or behaviors (emphasize reverence for nature, polytheistic and animistic, totemistic, and shamanist religious practices). Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Sky Burial and its possible origins at least 12,000 years ago to likely 30,000 years ago or older. Decoration consists of circumferential motifs: lines, bands, zig-zags or wavy lines, incised, stabbed or impressed with a comb. Who Destroyed the Great Library of Alexandria? The Yamnaya diet was based on milk and dairy products. They were native to the Pontic-Caspian steppe , a huge area of treeless grassland plains that extended from the northern shores of the Black Sea to the region north of the Caspian Sea.This vast stretch of steppeland covered more than 384,000 square . Our side the Left is more often on the fact side, the other side the Right is a cesspool of mythology, propaganda, cult, conspiracy theories, and anti-intellectualism generally, or at least it seems as so many are out and proud of such foolishness. How it is possible that Russian and Sanskrit are descendants from English and Latin? The stockbreeding societies of the steppes often played a key role in Eurasian history. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref,ref, Creation myths: From chaos, Ex nihilo, Earth-diver, Emergence, World egg, and World parent, Acreation myth(orcosmogonic myth) is asymbolicnarrativeof how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. Genetic loci reported to be under positive selection in the common ancestor of modern Eurasians are represented by rs1881227 in, , and those independently evolved in Europeans and East Asians, indicating possible convergent evolution, are represented by rs12913832 in. ( katiekk2 / Adobe stock), The study found there was no sudden admixture of the pre-existing groups and those from the Pontic-Steppe. In its three largest cemeteries, Alexandria (39 individuals), Igren (17) and Dereivka (14), evidence ofburialin flat graves (ground level pits) has been found. This scenario is associated with a proposed primary split betweenSiniticin the east and theTibeto-Burman languages, often assigned to theMajiayao culture(53004000 years BP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the northeast edge of theTibetan plateau. , transplanted more than 800 miles from their homeland on the steppe to the Pannonian Basin in central Europe. By the early 3rd millennium BCE, they had expanded throughout the PonticCaspian steppe and into eastern Europe. He brings back knowledge from the shadow realm, thus linking his people to the spirits and places which were once mythically accessible to all.anthropologist Barbara Meyerhoff ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, Sino-Tibetan, also cited asTrans-Himalayanin a few sources,is afamilyof more than 400 languages, second only toIndo-Europeanin number of native speakers. The group is named after theAltai mountain rangein the center of Asia.ref, Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production 2020, Archaeolinguistics, a field which combines language reconstruction and archaeology as a source of information on human prehistory, has much to offer to deepen our understanding of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in Northeast Asia. Yamanaya people were pastoralists who relied on herding sheep, goats, and cattle. Addressing Religious violence, belief in Gods as a motivation for harm? Volume I: The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot: https://www.academia.edu/11382971/In_and_Outside_the_Square_The_Sky_and_the_Power_of_Belief_in_Ancient_China_and_the_World_c_4_500_BC_AD_220_Volume_I_The_Ancient_Eurasian_World_and_the_Celestial_Pivot?email_work_card=title, Kurgan Copper Revolution: https://www.academia.edu/14001057/Kurgan_Copper_Revolution?email_work_card=title, Dynasty 0 Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Ancient Egyptian History, Egyptian Predynastic chronology: https://www.academia.edu/31304670/Dynasty_0?email_work_card=title, Absolute chronology of the settlement of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture at Moravany: https://www.academia.edu/24741906/Absolute_chronology_of_the_settlement_of_the_Eastern_Linear_Pottery_culture_at_Moravany?email_work_card=title, Cha Si 48 Pages 2 FilesEgyptology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Mesopotamia History, Chalcolithic Archaeology, Kurgans, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt, Uruk Expansion, Uruk Period, Predynastic Egypt, The Narmer Palette, Predynastic Naqada, Eridu. Indo-Europeans: general name for the people speaking an Indo-European language. This is because of the types of graves that they left behind. Some deities, like the weather god *Perkunos or the herding-god *Phusn, are only attested in a limited number of traditions Western (European) and Graeco-Aryan, respectively and could therefore represent late additions that did not spread throughout the various Indo-European dialects. ref, Some myths are also securely dated to Proto-Indo-European times, since they feature both linguistic and thematic evidence of an inherited motif: a story portraying a mythical figure associated with thunder and slaying a multi-headed serpent to release torrents of water that had previously been pent up; a creation myth involving two brothers, one of whom sacrifices the other in order to create the world; and probably the belief that the Otherworld was guarded by a watchdog and could only be reached by crossing a river. ref, Various schools of thought exist regarding possible interpretations of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European mythology. There is little evidence of agriculture or domesticated animals in Siberia during the Neolithic, but pottery was widely used. The Yamnaya culture was a Bronze Age culture that flourished in the steppes of modern-day Ukraine and Russia. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. Are the Natufians of Israel around 15,000 to 11,500 years ago who you thought they were? In this new study, Graham Harvey explores current and past animistic beliefs and practices of Native Americans, Maori, Aboriginal Australians, and eco-pagans. Third, is the roof and finishing elements of the structure: Dogmatism and Myths. The Yamnaya people were a late Copper Age-to-early Bronze Age population that emerged as a distinct ethnic identity between 3,000 and 2,600 BC. Because of their immediacy they had arguably more influence on the day-to-day affairs of men than the remote gods did. Every amount spent on war is theft to children in need of food or the homeless kept from shelter. [7] Typically the head and hooves of cattle, sheep, and horses are placed in shallow bowls over the human grave, smothered with ochre. To me, themale godseems to have either emerged or become prominent around 7,000 years ago, whereas the now favored monotheismmale godis more like 4,000 years ago or so. The graves found are shallow pits for single individuals, but two or three individuals might be placed there. Among these tools, many are related to agricultural activities: querns, grinders, pestles, and stone disks, let to believe that this community was a permanent settlement based on primitive hoe agriculture. ref, Moreover, it appeared that millet was widely consumed in the Yamnaya populations. With respect to Y-DNA haplogroup, three carried G2a2b2a3, two G2a2a1a, one G2a2a1, G2a2a1a3, C1a, I2a1a2a-L161.1, I2a2a1, and I2c, while mtDNA haplogroup, two J1c2, K1a2, T2b and one H, H15a1, H40, J1c5, K1a1b1, K1b1. Even thegargoylesfound on older churches, could be viewed as guardians partitioning a sacred space.ref, For centuries, Christianity fought a mop-up war against these lingering minor pagan deities, but they proved tenacious. Around 6,5005,800 years ago, The Northern Levant migrations into Jordon and Israel in the Southern Levant brought new cultural and religious transfer from Turkey and Iran. ANE ancestry among Jmon people is estimated at 21%, however, there is a North to South cline within the Japanese archipelago, with the highest amount of ANE ancestry in Hokkaido and Tohoku.ref, Ancient North EurasianComparative Mythology, Since the term Ancient North Eurasian refers to a genetic bridge of connected mating networks, scholars ofcomparative mythologyhave argued that they probably shared myths and beliefs that could be reconstructed via the comparison of stories attested within cultures that were not in contact for millennia and stretched from thePonticCaspian steppeto theAmerican continent. Ie. Historically, in large city-state societies (such as Egypt or Iraq) starting around 5,000 years ago culminated to make religion something kind of new, a sociocultural-governmental-religious monarchy, where all or at least many of the people of such large city-state societies seem familiar with and committed to the existence of religion as the integrated life identity package of control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine, but this juggernaut integrated religion identity package of Dogmatic-Propaganda certainly did not exist or if developed to an extent it was highly limited in most smaller prehistoric societies as they seem to lack most of the strong control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine (magical beliefs could be at times be added or removed). They often are consideredsacredaccounts and can be found in nearly all knownreligious traditions. Around 5,000 years ago, ox-drawn wagons rumbled out of the Eurasian grasslands and into the Danube Valley of eastern Europe. Please, These migrants from the steppe filled the Hungarian Plain with earthen burial mounds called, , permanent markers of their otherwise ephemeral presence. Influence from Siberian, Turkic, and even Near Eastern beliefs, on the other hand, are more widely discussed in literature. ref, Evolutionary model of human pigmentation in three continental populations. For the core Indo-European level, an even more extensive set of terms can be identified. Beauv.) DANUBIAN ROUTE OF YAMNAYA CULTURE . Paganism is not a traditional religion per se because it does not have any official doctrine, but it does have some common characteristics joining the great variety of traditions. An emperor might also adopt a major deity as his personal patron or tutelary,asAugustusdidApollo. Five Yamnaya, two later-era, and possibly two earlier-era individuals qualify as "highly probable riders." "The rather high prevalence of these traits in the skeleton record, especially with respect to the overall limited completeness, show that these people were horse riding regularly," Trautmann says. Lord Guanis the patron of military personnel and police, whileMazuis the patron of fishermen and sailors. Originator deity creating life through sound or word. The graves also had an overburden of horse remains; it cannot yet be determined decisively if these horses were domesticated and ridden or not, but they were certainly used as a meat-animal. Steppe semi-nomads associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta and later with the Srubnaya-Andronovo communities moved from Eastern Europe eastwards to the Altai and even to Xinjiang. The etymology of tutelary expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship. Emergence myths in which progenitors pass through a series of worlds and metamorphoses until reaching the present world. Freud preferred to emphasize the psychoanalytic implications of the reification of metaphysical forces, but with particular emphasis on its familial nature. In theEuropean Bronze Age, there were again substantial population replacements in parts of Europe by the intrusion ofAncient North Eurasian(ANE) lineages from thePonticCaspian steppes. The team from the University of Helsinki and . Some examples of these include: Although the cosmic status of household deities was not as lofty as that of theTwelve Olympiansor theAesir, they were also jealous of their dignity and also had to be appeased with shrines and offerings, however humble. Shamanistic rock art from central Aboriginal Siberians and Aboriginal drums in the Americas. Religion and food culture are two closely related topics in the Christian discourse and have been the subject of extensive anthropological research. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me. While working their way across Asia through mountain valleys, pastoralists incorporated crops into their own way of life., We also find that the majority of the East Eurasian ancestry in the Shirenzigou individuals is-related to northeastern Asian populations, while the West Eurasian ancestry is best presented by 20% to 80% Yamnaya-like ancestry. Natufians: an Ancient People at the Origins of Agriculture and Sedentary Life. In conclusion, while many cereal terms have been proposed in the literature, their number must be substantially reduced, especially for the most basal stage of Indo-European, Indo-Anatolian. 4,000-year-Old Dolmens in Israel: A Connected Dolmen Religious Phenomenon? This large subclade appears to encompass most of the R1a1a found in Europe. ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, The Yamnaya culture is identified with the lateProto-Indo-Europeans, and thePontic-Caspian steppeis the strongest candidate for theUrheimat(original homeland) of theProto-Indo-European language. In Philippineanimism,DiwataorLambanaare deities or spirits that inhabit sacred places like mountains and mounds and serve as guardians. Studies of Bronze Age steppe populations found the appearance of additional Western Eurasian-related ancestries across the steppe from the Pontic-Caspian to the Altai-Sayan regions, here we collectively refer to as Western Steppe Herders (WSH): the earlier populations associated with the Yamnaya and Afanasievo cultures (often called steppe Early and Middle Bronze Age; steppe_EMBA) and the later ones associated with many cultures such as Potapovka, Sintashta, Srubnaya and Andronovo to name a few (often called steppe Middle and Late Bronze Age; steppe_MLBA). Many European cultures retained house spirits into the modern period. They were also worshiped as deities. It has been a common belief inpaganismas well as infolkloreacross many parts of the world. The Kets are thought to be the only survivors of an ancient, The population of the Botai culture were connected to the earliest evidence for horse husbandry. We know it happened: People move now, theyve moved at every stage of the past for which we have reliable information, and theyve often done so over long distances with the intention of permanently finding a new home. The Yamnaya are thought to be the ancestors of the Indo-Europeans, who spoke Proto-Indo-European, the ancestor of all Indo-European languages. animist, totemist, shamanist & paganist, *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden animist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects (you are a hidden totemist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden shamanist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife who are guided/supported by a goddess/god or goddesses/gods (you are a hidden paganist). ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref,ref, Mesopotamian Tutelary Deities can be seen as onesrelated to City-States, Historical city-states includedSumeriancities such asUrukandUr;Ancient Egyptiancity-states, such asThebesandMemphis; thePhoeniciancities (such asTyreandSidon); the fivePhilistinecity-states; theBerbercity-states of theGaramantes; the city-states ofancient Greece(thepoleissuch asAthens,Sparta,Thebes, andCorinth); theRoman Republic(which grew from a city-state into a vast empire); theItalian city-statesfrom the Middle Ages to the early modern period, such asFlorence,Siena,Ferrara,Milan(which as they grew in power began to dominate neighboring cities) andGenoaandVenice, which became powerfulthalassocracies; theMayanand other cultures of pre-ColumbianMesoamerica(including cities such asChichen Itza,Tikal,CopnandMonte Albn); thecentral Asiancities along theSilk Road; the city-states of theSwahili coast;Ragusa; states of the medieval Russian lands such asNovgorodandPskov; and many others.ref, TheUruk period(ca. Between 5000 and 4000 years ago, the Yamnaya and their descendants colonised swathes of Europe, leaving a genetic legacy that persists to this day. HistorianDavid Christianhas summarised issues common to multiple creation myths: Each beginning seems to presuppose an earlier beginning. However thedocumentary hypothesisfor the Old Testament (corresponds to the JewishTorah) developed originally in the 1870s, identifies these that different authors theJahwist,Elohist,Deuteronomist, and thePriestly source were responsible for editing stories from a polytheistic religion into those of a monotheistic religion. Data from the sequencing processes were further analyzed using a number of software packages. If haplogroup N1c, found mainly among Uralic speakers today, did originate in the Manchurian Neolithic, together with other subclades of haplogroup N, it would explain that Uralic languages are related to Altaic languages like Turkic and Mongolic languages and, more distantly also Korean, Japanese and Ainu, as Y-haplogroup N is indeed the unifying factor between all these populations. All of that seems to match the Yamnaya both on the steppe and in their new home in the Hungarian Plain. Yamnaya culture Yamnaya culture Yamnaya people Yamnaya diet Yamnaya people Yamna horizon Yamnaya culture the Indo-Europeansoultry and pigs, as well as sheep. Some have seen the beginning of the horse sacrifice in these remains, but this interpretation has not been more definitely substantiated. I wrote a book! The carrier slung the pots over the shoulder or onto an animal. were placed at the edge of villages to frighten off demons. When we add the genetic evidence, the migration becomes even clearer: People buried in kurgans on the Hungarian Plain derived most or all of their ancestry from people who had lived on the steppe a few centuries (at most) before. Leda and the Swan: possibly relates back to 24,00015,000 years old MaltaBuret culture, Lake Baikal, Siberia? No.Still nothing but lofty speculation riddled with assumptions. While there are numerous parallels adduced from outside ofIndo-European mythology, there are exceptions (e.g. The classification identifies five basic types:Brahm, theHindudevaof creation, emerges from alotusrisen from the navel ofViu, who lies withLakshmion the serpentAnanta Shesha.ref, Marta Weiglefurther developed and refined this typology to highlight nine themes, adding elements such asdeus faber, a creation crafted by a deity, creation from the work of two creators working together or against each other, creation from sacrifice, and creation from division/conjugation, accretion/conjunction, or secretion.ref.